{"id":15,"date":"2016-11-07T18:17:41","date_gmt":"2016-11-07T17:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/?page_id=15"},"modified":"2016-12-12T16:56:54","modified_gmt":"2016-12-12T15:56:54","slug":"legal-cases-chevaleyre","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/legal-cases-chevaleyre\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal cases (Chevaleyre)"},"content":{"rendered":"

The following three texts are pieces of judicial cases adjudicated by two late Ming provincial officials. They have been selected from the recently published collection of Chinese legal materials entitled <\/span><\/span>Lidai panli pandu <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u6b77\u4ee3\u5224\u4f8b\u5224\u7258<\/span><\/span><\/span>.1<\/sup><\/a> The first and third documents are from Mao Yilu\u2019s <\/span><\/span>\u6bdb\u4e00\u9dfa<\/span><\/span><\/span>Yunjian yanl\u00fce <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u96f2\u9593\u8b9e\u7565<\/span> <\/span><\/span>(A Brief Account of Judgments in Songjiang). The second one has been selected among Qi Biaojia\u2019s published cases. Though only a handful of printed Ming legal casebooks have survived, the genre flourished from the Wanli era on, in part because of the spread of commercial printing, but also as a consequence of the changes introduced in the<\/span><\/span> panyu <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u53db\u8a9e<\/span> <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>legal<\/i><\/span><\/span>) test of the official examination process.2<\/sup><\/a> These three documents all deal with contested servile identities. They provide elements to understand how status were negotiated in judicial context (<\/span><\/span>i.e. <\/i><\/span><\/span>when status issues were, for various reasons, submitted to local authorities) and how \u201ccivil\u201d matters were adjudicated. Though highly rephrased so as to match with the standards of official judicial documents, they also provide an introduction to the reading of legal cases on local society, as well as to the issue of bondage in late Ming China.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A native of Sui\u2019an (Zhejiang), Mao Yilu (?-1629) began his official career as a prefectural judge (<\/span><\/span>tuiguan <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u63a8\u5b98<\/span><\/span><\/span>) after he passed the <\/span><\/span>jinshi <\/i><\/span><\/span>degree in 1604. Known for his integrity and his expertise in adjudicating cases, Mao nonetheless became a controversial figure for his association with the eunuch Wei Zhongxian against the Donglin (in particular against Zhou Shunchang <\/span><\/span>\u5468\u9806\u660c<\/span><\/span><\/span>).3<\/sup><\/a> When emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, Mao was then prosecuted as one of Wei\u2019s followers. He died in 1629. The stele he had erected in honor of Wei later became a place of worship for Wei\u2019s victims. The <\/span><\/span>Yunjian yanl\u00fce <\/i><\/span><\/span>is an anthology of \u201ccourt findings\u201d (<\/span><\/span>yanyu <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u8b9e\u8a9e<\/span><\/span><\/span>) composed by Mao during his first tenure as prefectural judge of Songjiang <\/span><\/span>\u677e\u6c5f<\/span><\/span><\/span>and acting magistrate in Huating <\/span><\/span>\u83ef\u4ead<\/span><\/span><\/span>and Qingpu <\/span><\/span>\u9752\u84b2<\/span> <\/span><\/span>(1606-1610). Judgments were composed of two pieces: the verdict (<\/span><\/span>zhaoni <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u62db\u64ec<\/span><\/span><\/span>), and the <\/span><\/span>yanyu<\/i><\/span><\/span>. Both were read aloud at the court and transmitted to the superior administrative level for review. Contrary to the verdict, the <\/span><\/span>yanyu <\/i><\/span><\/span>are summaries of the case in which the magistrate principally justified his sentence.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

After he served as prefectural judge of Xinghua <\/span><\/span>\u8208\u5316<\/span> <\/span><\/span>(Fujian), Qi Biaojia <\/span><\/span>\u7941\u5f6a\u4f73<\/span> <\/span><\/span>(1602-1645) served as acting magistrate for Putian <\/span><\/span>\u8386\u7530<\/span><\/span><\/span>. In 1631 he was promoted to a position of censor and became regional inspector (<\/span><\/span>xun\u2019an <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u5de1\u6309<\/span><\/span><\/span>) for the Suzhou-Songjiang region in 1633. Dismissed soon after, he retired to his home county to take care of his mother. During that period, he was involved in local efforts. He resumed his position of censor in 1643 and served the Southern Ming for as Jiangnan grand coordinator (<\/span><\/span>xunfu <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u5de1\u64ab<\/span><\/span><\/span>) before he retired. When the Manchus invaded Zhejiang he committed suicide. The <\/span><\/span>An Wu qinshen xigao <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u6309\u5433\u89aa\u5be9\u6a84\u7a3f<\/span> <\/span><\/span>(Draft Opinions from Cases Personally Tried as Regional Inspector of the Wu Region) is one of the 26 known works of Qi Biaojia (among manuals for famine relief manuals or military defense, collections of administrative pieces, a diary, plays, etc.). It consists of judicial statements delivered while the author was reviewing judgments by local officials as Su-Song regional inspector (1633-34). The selection is made of serious or noteworthy cases reviewed by Qi and addressed to the officials who originally dealt with the cases. Concrete information contained in the original dossiers is mostly absent from the texts collected here4<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Text I: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u4ef6\u9677\u76dc\u6284\u6c92\u4e8b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>(Qingpu <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u9752\u6d66<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Mao Yilu, <\/span><\/span>Yunjian yanl\u00fce<\/i><\/span><\/span>, repr. in Yang Yifan (dir.), <\/span><\/span>Lidai panli pandu<\/i><\/span><\/span>, vol. 3, p. 415.5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c5f\u9662\u674e\u6279\u9752\u6d66\u7e23\u544a\u4eba\u5b6b\u5fb7\u72c0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u524d\u4ef6\u5be9\u5f97\u3002\u5b6b\u5b97\u4e4b\u7236\u5b6b\u6210\u5e7c\u66fe\u9b3b\u8eab\u65bc\u5b6b\u5fb7\u4e4b\u5148\u4e16\u3002\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e14\u516d\u5341\u9918\u7a14\u3002\u5955\u8449\u518d\u50b3\u3002\u5f7c\u6b64\u81ea\u7acb\u9580\u6236\u4e45\u77e3\u3002\u4e0a\u5e74\u6703\u5b97\u6709\u7e7c\u5144\u5b6b\u55ac\u75c5\u7672\u7015\u5371\u3002\u5b97\u6b32\u5782\u6d8e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>xian<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u3002\u800c\u53c8\u81ea\u5206\u7570\u59d3\u5144\u5f1f\u3002\u6050\u4e0d\u8db3\u99ad\u55ac\u800c\u5236\u5176\u547d\u3002\u4e43\u5fa9\u69cb\u5fb7\u70ba\u4e3b\u8a1f\u55ac\u800c\u4e26\u53ca\u55ac\u5a7f\u838a\u86df\u3002\u7e23\u5be9\u5fb7\u975e\u55ac\u4e3b\u3002\u800c\u55ac\u7236\u5b6b\u6210\u820a\u5951\u7336\u5b58\u3002\u59d1\u65b7\u7d66\u5fb7\u9280\u4e8c\u5169\u3002\u4ee5\u7a0d\u793a\u993c\u7f8a\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4ecd\u4ee4\u55ac\u8207\u5b97\u5747\u51fa\u3002\u84cb\u4ee5\u55ac\u4fc2\u6210\u7e7c\u5b50\u3002\u5b97\u5be6\u6210\u89aa\u5b50\u3002\u5b97\u96d6\u69cb\u5fb7\u800c\u8a1f\u55ac\u3002\u6cd5\u56fa\u4e0d\u5f97\u6368\u5b97\u800c\u7368\u91cd\u55ac\u4e5f\u3002\u7dad\u6642\u5fb7\u4ee5\u8d64\u8ca7\u5c1a\u5f35\u54fa\u4ee5\u5557\u838a\u86df\u3002\u6240\u65b7\u5c1a\u672a\u5c6c\u53ad\u3002\u800c\u5b97\u8207\u55ac\u5fa9\u4e0d\u7d66\u6b64\u65b7\u9280\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u5fb7\u4e26\u6068\u5b97\u3002\u8b00\u4e4b\u59da\u9673\u70ba\u4e00\u7db1\u76e1\u6536\u4e4b\u8a08\u3002\u9673\u9042\u70ba\u5fb7\u8b00\u4e3b\u3002\u4ee4\u5fb7\u4ee5\u9677\u76dc\u544a\u3002\u800c\u53c8\u4ee4\u5fb7\u544a\u5df1\u70ba\u767d\u6355\u3002\u610f\u84cb\u9ee8\u5fb7\u653b\u5b97\u3002\u53c8\u4e0d\u4ee4\u9732\u9ee8\u4e4b\u4e4b\u8ff9\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u5411\u4eba\u7528\u80cc\u3002\u8853\u56fa\u5e7b\u5982\u872e\u4e5f\u3002\u5b70\u77e5\u85cf\u982d\u9732\u5c3e\u3002\u4e00\u97ab\u80ba\u809d\u81ea\u898b\u3002\u592b\u5fb7\u4ee5\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u6f2b\u6ec5\u4e4b\u6545\u7d19\u3002\u6b32\u5974\u4eba\u65bc\u5955\u4e16\u3002\u8caa\u800c\u4e14\u75f4\u3002\u8a2d\u5b97\u8f29\u8207\u5fb7\u679c\u6709\u95dc\u6d89\u3002\u5f7c\u7236\u6b7b\u6bcd\u5ac1\u4e4b\u65e5\u3002\u4f55\u7121\u7e96\u6beb\u7740\u843d\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u59cb\u5984\u634f\u507d\u5238\u3002\u8aaa\u9b3c\u8036\u3002\u8aaa\u5922\u8036\u3002\u66f4\u53ef\u8a1d\u8005\u3002\u682a\u9023\u8513\u5f15\u3002\u81f4\u6b32\u6ce2\u53ca\u5a7f\u5bb6\u3002\u4e26\u586b\u8caa\u58d1\u3002\u5247\u4f55\u7570\u7661\u4eba\u60f3\u5929\u96e8\u7c9f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>su<\/span>\u4e4e\u3002\u59d1\u5ff5\u4e8b\u5fae\u6709\u502a\u3002\u4e0d\u6df1\u7763\u904e\u3002\u59da\u9673\u4f55\u7269\u3002\u800c\u4e43\u5f9e\u4e2d\u717d\u96ea\u3002\u8986\u624b\u4f5c\u96e8\u3002\u96aa\u60e1\u53ef\u6068\u3002\u5373\u5b6b\u5b97\u540c\u70ba\u5fb7\u6240\u8a1f\u3002\u800c\u5411\u8005\u69cb\u5fb7\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u5be6\u5b97\u4f5c\u5978\u3002\u81ea\u4e2d\u6b63\u8afa\u6240\u4e91\u3002\u958b\u9580\u63d6\u76dc\u3002\u642c\u77f3\u81ea\u78d5\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u5f92\u4ee5\u4e92\u8a10\u751f\u60c5\u3002\u90fd\u7121\u6709\u8a50\u8d13\u67d3\u6307\u8005\u3002\u4ff1\u5f9e\u8584\u5275\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Text II: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u4ef6\u9677\u5974\u6bba\u7236\u7b49<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>(Kunshan <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5d11\u5c71<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Qi Biaojia, <\/span><\/span>An Wu qinshen xigao<\/i><\/span><\/span>, repr. in Yang Yifan (dir.), <\/span><\/span>Lidai panli pandu<\/i><\/span><\/span>, vol. 4, p. 517-518.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u884c\u64da\u5d11\u5c71\u7e23\u89e3\u72af\u738b\u537f\u7b49\u5230\u9662\u3002\u5be9\u5f97\u91d1\u5fe0\u3001\u91d1\u5b5d\u4e4b\u7956\u91d1\u6210\u4ee5\u5b50\u91d1\u5f6d\u9b3b\u8eab\u738b\u5bb6\u3002\u5411\u4f86\u670d\u5f79\u7121\u7570\u3002\u81ea\u738b\u5ba6\u76f8\u7e7c\u6545\u5f8c\u3002\u5bb6\u9053\u5f0f\u5fae\u3002\u5fe0\u8207\u5b5d\u9042\u53e6\u5c45\u65bc\u5916\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u6709\u4e16\u50d5\u4e4b\u5206\u8005\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u4ea6\u9042\u5fcc\u5176\u70ba\u738b\u6c0f\u50d5\u3002\u6b64\u8a31\u751f\u5f69\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8207\u7d50\u5a5a\u4e5f\u3002\u5929\u555f\u4e03\u5e74\u3002\u738b\u4e4b\u65cf\u738b\u537f\u8cac\u5176\u5931\u79ae\u3002\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u7af6\u3002\u800c\u91d1\u5b5d\u5247\u5201\u608d\u4e4b\u5c24\u8005\u3002\u53cd\u85c9\u4ee5\u51fa\u544a\u3002\u6b32\u6d17\u812b\u5974\u540d\u3002\u800c\u8a1f\u7aef\u81ea\u6b64\u8208\u77e3\u3002\u662f\u6642\u738b\u4e4b\u5408\u65cf\u5373\u6709\u539f\u662f\u4e16\u50d5\u4e4b\u8aaa\u3002\u975e\u4eca\u65e5\u738b\u6625\u5143\u767c\u5f8c\u800c\u65b9\u8a8d\u4e4b\u4e5f\u3002\u60df\u8a8d\u4e4b\u65bc\u5c1a\u5728\u5f0f\u5fae\u4e4b\u6642\u4e43\u70ba\u771f\u8033\u3002\u4e43\u91d1\u5b5d\u7387\u5176\u4f84\u91d1\u96c5\u3001\u91d1\u97fb\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u884c\u544a\u8a10\u8005\u3002\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u81f3\u3002\u91d1\u5fe0\u5728\u5247\u544a\u7c3d\u91d8\u3002\u91d1\u5fe0\u6b7b\u5247\u544a\u4eba\u547d\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u53cd\u566c\u4e4b\u8a08\u96d6\u5de5\u3002\u4e3b\u5974\u4e4b\u5206\u7562\u7a76\u5c1a\u5728\u3002\u64da\u7406\u64da\u6cd5\u3002\u81ea\u61c9\u65b7\u6b78\u5fa9\u5f79\u3002\u800c\u91d1\u96c5\u5984\u544a\u4eba\u547d\u4e4b\u7f6a\u3002\u5df2\u75db\u61f2\u4e4b\u77e3\u3002\u7136\u70ba\u738b\u65cf\u8a08\u3002\u6b64\u5974\u65e2\u6096\u608d\u5982\u8a31\u3002\u82e5\u4ee4\u4e4b\u57f7\u5f79\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u660e\u662f\u5f15\u8cca\u5165\u9580\u3002\u4ed6\u65e5\u6050\u6709\u856d\u5899\u4e4b\u798d\u3002\u6b63\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5176\u8eab\u89aa\u6383\u9664\u4e4b\u5f79\u3002\u800c\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u4e3b\u5974\u4e4b\u5206\u4e5f\u3002\u81ea\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u5f9e\u516c\u4e00\u65b7\u3002\u91d1\u5b5d\u8f29\u4ea6\u65b7\u4e0d\u6562\u53cd\u566c\u5176\u4e3b\u4eba\u77e3\u3002\u7136\u5b5d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8073\u4eba\u8005\u3002\u4ee5\u738b\u6c0f\u5229\u543e\u8cb2\u8033\u3002\u5247\u6709\u4e00\u70ba\u738b\u6c0f\u660e\u767d\u5fc3\u8ff9\u4e4b\u6cd5\u3002\u592b\u8eab\u70ba\u738b\u6c0f\u4e4b\u8eab\u3002\u696d\u5247\u91d1\u6c0f\u4e4b\u696d\u4e5f\u3002\u51e1\u91d1\u5fe0\u3001\u91d1\u5b5d\u6240\u7f6e\u4e4b\u7522\u5728\u91d1\u6236\u5167\u8005\u3002\u8a31\u5176\u8d74\u7e23\u7d66\u5e16\u4e16\u5b88\u3002\u738b\u6c0f\u9752\u887f\u7686\u81ea\u597d\u3002\u8ab0\u80af\u9867\u6b64\u4e0d\u7fa9\u4e4b\u8cb2\u3002\u5247\u5b5d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8073\u52d5\u554f\u5b98\u8005\u3002\u5176\u8a08\u7aae\u77e3\u3002\u7acb\u6848\u3002\u4e00\u61c9\u544a\u8a5e\u76e1\u884c\u8a3b\u92b7\u3002\u64ab\u9662\u8a5e\u5373\u6284\u62db\u56de\u8986\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Text III: <\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u4ef6\u8c6a\u60e1\u4e8b <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Huating <\/span><\/span>\u83ef\u4ead<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Yunjian yanl\u00fce<\/i><\/span>, p. 420.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9e7d\u9662\u97d3\u6279\u83ef\u4ead\u7e23\u544a\u4eba\u9ad8\u5fe0\u72c0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u524d\u4ef6\u5be9\u5f97\u3002\u9ad8\u5fe0\u751f\u65bc\u8523\u96fb\u3002\u7e7c\u65bc\u5f35\u502b\u3002\u800c\u96fb\u8207\u502b\u7686\u8523\u8c9e\u53ae\u990a\u4e5f\u3002\u67e5\u8c9e\u66fe\u552e\u502b\u65bc\u570b\u7426\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u5247\u5fe0\u771f\u7426\u50d5\u8033\u3002\u96d6\u5fe0\u4ee5\u540f\u5f79\u51fa\u5c45\u3002\u9a0e\u58bb\u65bc\u826f\u8ce4\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u7136\u672a\u6562\u6297\u79ae\u65bc\u7426\u4e5f\u3002\u5f8c\u5fe0\u6f38\u840c\u8dcb\u6248\u3002\u610f\u5728\u98fd\u98ba\u3002\u7426\u56e0\u544a\u5e9c\u6279\u7e23\u3002\u5fe0\u4ea6\u8a91\u61b2\u6279\u5e9c\u3002\u5169\u5be9\u7686\u5750\u5fe0\u4ee5\u7f6a\u3002\u800c\u4ecd\u6b78\u5fe0\u65bc\u7426\u3002\u4ea6\u552f\u662f\u6eaf\u6e90\u53ca\u6d41\u3002\u5206\u8abc\u7121\u53ef\u8df3\u8d8a\u4e5f\u3002\u4e43\u5fe0\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u5fa9\u63a7\u8005\u4f55\u3002\u6545\u7de3\u7576\u65e5\u8a10\u8a1f\u6642\u3002\u5169\u9020\u89aa\u65cf\u6b32\u70ba\u606f\u8a1f\u8a08\u3002\u8b70\u5fe0\u4ee5\u56db\u5341\u91d1\u916c\u7426\u3002\u4ee5\u5fe0\u51fa\u59d3\u3002\u84cb\u898b\u5fe0\u9785\u9785\u4e0d\u9858\u70ba\u4e58\u3002\u800c\u53c8\u4ee5\u5fe0\u70ba\u502b\u7e7c\u5b50\u3002\u975e\u89aa\u5b50\u4e5f\u3002\u7426\u6b32\u8a31\u4e4b\u3002\u800c\u8523\u8c9e\u4ee5\u6545\u4e3b\u4e4b\u7531\u3002\u4e58\u9593\u722d\u963b\u3002\u5fe0\u53c8\u5bd2\u76df\u65bc\u6240\u8b70\u4e4b\u6578\u3002\u6545\u8b70\u4e2d\u5be2\u3002\u800c\u5fe0\u4e14\u5f98\u5f8a\u65bc\u5c07\u51fa\u5c07\u5165\u4e4b\u969b\u3002\u8d91\u8d84\u65bc\u4e0d\u826f\u4e0d\u8ce4\u4e4b\u9014\u3002\u6545\u9042\u4ee5\u9280\u7530\u6307\u70ba\u8a50\u8d13\u3002\u5fa9\u8a91\u672c\u9662\u3002\u4eca\u7d30\u5be9\u8fad\u8b49\u3002\u8207\u8b70\u8af8\u4eba\u50c9\u8b02\u5fe0\u771f\u7426\u50d5\u4e5f\u3002\u8a1f\u6642\u679c\u8b70\u5fe0\u51fa\u59d3\u4e5f\u3002\u7426\u679c\u5df2\u8a31\u53ef\u3002\u800c\u9280\u7530\u5c1a\u672a\u4ea4\u5272\u4e5f\u3002\u5373\u8523\u7384\u7c21\u70ba\u8c9e\u89aa\u65cf\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u8af1\u7acb\u8b70\u7d04\u4e4b\u975e\u771f\u3002\u5247\u5df2\u6709\u6210\u8b70\u800c\u80cc\u4e4b\u3002\u8c9e\u591a\u4e8b\u77e3\u3002\u5373\u4f59\u5b5d\u70ba\u5fe0\u59fb\u5a6d\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u8af1\u4e3b\u50d5\u4e4b\u975e\u771f\u3002\u5247\u610f\u5728\u51fa\u7b20\u800c\u53cd\u5927\u8a00\u53cd\u566c\u3002\u5fe0\u5c24\u8a95\u5984\u53ef\u6068\u77e3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e3b\u50d5\u4ee5\u7fa9\u805a\u3002\u5f37\u9805\u5982\u5fe0\u3002\u7426\u80fd\u4fdd\u5176\u7d42\u70ba\u5df1\u755c\u4e4e\u3002\u77e7\u524d\u6b64\u5375\u7ffc\u4e4b\u9918\u3002\u5c1a\u8a31\u4e4b\u512a\u6e38\u5c40\u5916\u3002\u4eca\u696d\u5df2\u8a31\u4e4b\u89e3\u7dad\u800c\u5fa9\u7e36\u5176\u5954\u8e36\u4e5f\u3002\u5f97\u4e4e\u3002\u61c9\u5f9e\u773e\u8b70\u3002\u4ecd\u4ee4\u4ee5\u56db\u5341\u91d1\u7d66\u7426\u3002\u4e26\u65b7\u9280\u4e09\u5169\u7d66\u8c9e\u3002\u7a0d\u793a\u4e0d\u5fd8\u6c34\u6728\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u807d\u5fe0\u51fa\u59d3\u6b78\u5b97\u3002\u4ee5\u675c\u8a1f\u7aef\u3002\u9ad8\u5fe0\u5201\u8a10\u3002\u61c9\u53cd\u5750\u3002\u7b2c\u5ff5\u9280\u7530\u539f\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u8b70\u7d04\u51fa\u65bc\u5169\u9858\u3002\u59d1\u5f9e\u672b\u6e1b\u3002\u8523\u8c9e\u4ee5\u5df2\u8ce3\u4e4b\u50d5\u3002\u5fa9\u591a\u7ffb\u5f04\u3002\u4ea6\u61c9\u4e26\u6756\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Glossary<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
\n

Text I:<\/h3>\n

\u2022 \u9677\u76dc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: to fall in a bandits\u2019 nest (to be trapped)\/falsely accuse of theft<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6284\u6c92<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: to make an inventory and to seize<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 (<\/span><\/span>\u6c5f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u9662<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: administrative office, judicial court (of Songjiang)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6279<\/span><\/span><\/span>: answer (from a superior official)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7e23<\/span><\/span><\/span>: district (administrative unit)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u544a\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/span>: plaintiff<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u72c0<\/span><\/span><\/span>: written complaint<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u524d\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/span>: (according to) previous statements<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5be9\u5f97<\/span><\/span><\/span>: \u201cit is found that\u201d (<\/span><\/span>\u5be9<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to investigate; <\/span><\/span>\u5f97<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to come to a conclusion, it appears)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u9b3b\u8eab<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to sell oneself, to be sold<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7a14<\/span><\/span><\/span>: yearly harvest > year<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5955\u8449<\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u5955\u4e16<\/span><\/span><\/span>: successive generations<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u50b3<\/span><\/span><\/span>: perpetuate<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u9580\u6236<\/span><\/span><\/span>: home, family<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7e7c\u5144<\/span><\/span><\/span>: adoptive elder brother<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u75c5\u7672<\/span><\/span><\/span>: dementia, depression<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7015\u5371<\/span><\/span><\/span>: agony, about to die<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5782\u6d8e<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to envy<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7570\u59d3<\/span><\/span><\/span>: of a different surname<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u99ad<\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/span>: control, to get hold on<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u69cb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: to foment, to join<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e3b<\/span><\/span><\/span>: principal; master<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a1f<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to accuse, to charge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5951<\/span><\/span><\/span>: contract, deed<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u59d1<\/span><\/span><\/span>: for now, temporarily<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u65b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to decide, to pronounce a judgment<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u993c\u7f8a<\/span><\/span><\/span>: ritual offering made of a sheep; rites, sense of proprieties<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4ee4<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to order<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5747\u51fa<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to pay out equally, share the burden of the fine<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u84cb<\/span><\/span><\/span>: because; <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7e7c\u5b50<\/span><\/span><\/span>: adoptive son (as opposed to <\/span><\/span>\u89aa\u5b50<\/span><\/span><\/span>natural son)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u56fa<\/span><\/span><\/span>: naturally, certainly<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6368<\/span><\/span><\/span>: leave behind, set aside<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u91cd<\/span><\/span><\/span>: heavy, to weigh, to increase<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7dad\u6642<\/span><\/span><\/span>: then, at that moment<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8d64\u8ca7<\/span><\/span><\/span>: dire poverty<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5f35\u54fa<\/span><\/span><\/span>: open one\u2019s mouth<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5557<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to swallow, to devour<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u53ad<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to be satisfied with<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u65b7\u9280<\/span><\/span><\/span>: fine (lit. \u201cpronounced money\u201d)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8b00<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to plot, to conspire<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e00\u7db1\u76e1\u6536<\/span><\/span><\/span>: lit. \u201cto take it all with one net\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a08<\/span><\/span><\/span>: stratagem<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8b00\u4e3b<\/span><\/span><\/span>: principal, instigator<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u9677<\/span><\/span><\/span>: trap, to trap, to harm someone<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u76dc<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to steal, to rob, robber, secretly<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u544a<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to state, to charge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u767d\u6355<\/span><\/span><\/span>: assistant of a <\/span><\/span>bukuai <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u6355\u5feb<\/span> <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>yamen <\/i><\/span><\/span>underling in charge of the capture of criminals, <\/span><\/span>\u6355\u5feb\u4e4b\u767d\u5f79<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5411\u4eba\u7528\u80cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to turn one\u2019s back on others<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8853<\/span><\/span><\/span>: stratagem<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5e7b<\/span><\/span><\/span>: illusion; to metamorphose <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u872e<\/span><\/span><\/span>: a magic and deadly turtle (treachery, nastiness)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5b70\u77e5<\/span><\/span><\/span>: who knows; to know perfectly<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u85cf\u982d\u9732\u5c3e<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to betray oneself<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u97ab<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to investigate, to question<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u80ba\u809d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: entrails (lungs and liver)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6f2b\u6ec5<\/span><\/span><\/span>: illegible<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8caa<\/span><\/span><\/span>: greedy<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7661<\/span><\/span><\/span>: fool<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a2d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: let\u2019s assume that<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u95dc\u6d89<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to be connected to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7e96\u6beb<\/span><\/span><\/span>: the smallest<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8457\u843d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to organize, to get involved in<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5984\u634f<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to forge without thinking (or vainly)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u507d\u5238<\/span><\/span><\/span>: fake document<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u53ef\u8a1d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: amazing, astonishing<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u682a\u9023\u8513\u5f15<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to implicate many persons<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8caa\u58d1<\/span><\/span><\/span>: covetousness without limits<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7661\u4eba\u60f3\u5929\u96e8\u7c9f<\/span><\/span><\/span>: a fool who believes grain falls from heaven<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u502a<\/span><\/span><\/span>: limit<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7763\u904e<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to blame, to sentence<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5f9e\u4e2d\u717d\u96ea<\/span><\/span><\/span>: making snow fall by turning one\u2019s hand<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8986\u624b\u4f5c\u96e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>: making rain fall by turning one\u2019s hand again<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u96aa\u60e1\u53ef\u6068<\/span><\/span><\/span>: dangerous and detestable<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5411\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/span>: once, formerly<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4f5c\u5978<\/span><\/span><\/span>: deceitful, commit crimes<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8afa<\/span><\/span><\/span>: proverb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u958b\u9580\u63d6\u76dc<\/span><\/span><\/span>: open the door to greet the robbers<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u642c\u77f3\u81ea\u78d5<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to harm oneself when moving stones<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5f92<\/span><\/span><\/span>: it is only, it is no more than<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a10<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to accuse, to incriminate, to denigrate<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a50\u8d13\u67d3\u6307<\/span><\/span><\/span>: fraud and corruption<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8584\u5275<\/span><\/span><\/span>: light reprimand<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Text II:<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u2022 \u884c\u64da<\/span><\/span><\/span>: testimony, evidence<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/span>: (of criminals) transfer, send<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5230\u9662<\/span><\/span><\/span>: arrive at the tribunal (about pices)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u670d\u5f79<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to perform service, to serve<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7121\u7570<\/span><\/span><\/span>: indifferently, without difference, without contesting<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5ba6<\/span><\/span><\/span>: official(s)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u76f8\u7e7c<\/span><\/span><\/span>: successively, one after the other<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5bb6\u9053\u5f0f\u5fae<\/span><\/span><\/span>: ruined<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u53e6\u5c45<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to settle separately<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e16\u50d5<\/span><\/span><\/span>: hereditary bondservant<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5206<\/span><\/span><\/span>: distinction, lot, status<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5fcc<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to be jealous of, despise, hate; here: to remain silent about<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5929\u555f\u4e03\u5e74<\/span><\/span><\/span>: 1627, seventh year of the Tianqi era<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8cac<\/span><\/span><\/span>: reprimand<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5931\u79ae<\/span><\/span><\/span>: loose sense of proprieties\/etiquette<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5201\u608d<\/span><\/span><\/span>deceitful and violent<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u85c9<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to take advantage of, to use as an excuse<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6d17\u812b\u5974\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to wash away and get rid of the name \u201cbondservant\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a1f\u7aef<\/span><\/span><\/span>: origins of a case<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a8d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: recognize, admit, proclaim<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7c3d\u91d8<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to nail, <\/span><\/span>to plant (?)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u53cd\u566c<\/span><\/span><\/span>: counter attack, counter accusation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e3b\u5974\u4e4b\u5206<\/span><\/span><\/span>: the distinction between master and bondservant, the respective status of \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u64da\u7406\u64da\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/span>: according to principles and law<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u65b7\u6b78\u5fa9\u5f79<\/span><\/span><\/span>: pronounce the return back to service<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u75db\u61f2<\/span><\/span><\/span>: punish severely<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6096\u608d\u5982\u8a31<\/span><\/span><\/span>: so stubborn and brutal<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u57f7\u5f79<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to serve<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u856d\u7246<\/span><\/span><\/span>: screen situated near the entrance door > inside the house > domestic<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e0d\u5fc5<\/span><\/span><\/span>: no need to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6383\u9664<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to sweep up<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5f9e\u516c<\/span><\/span><\/span>: public matters; impartial, fair<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8073<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u52d5<\/span><\/span><\/span>): to shock, to scandalize, to cause trouble<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5229\u543e\u8cb2<\/span><\/span><\/span>: take advantage\/profit of one\u2019s wealth\/goods<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5fc3\u8ff9<\/span><\/span><\/span>: heart, sentiments, intentions<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u696d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: activity, profession, occupation (the product of one\u2019s labor)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7f6e<\/span><\/span><\/span>: buy, acquire<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7d66\u5e16\u4e16\u5b88<\/span><\/span><\/span>: get a certificate to keep for generations (insuring perpetual property of all goods)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u9752\u887f<\/span><\/span><\/span>: blue collars, scholars, literati<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u81ea\u597d<\/span><\/span><\/span>: self-respect, dignity<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e0d\u7fa9\u4e4b\u8cb2<\/span><\/span><\/span>: unrighteous goods<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u554f\u5b98<\/span><\/span><\/span>: judicial official, magistrate<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7acb\u6848<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to register a case<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a3b\u92b7<\/span><\/span><\/span>: cancel<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6284\u62db\u56de\u8986<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>\u6284\u62db<\/span><\/span><\/span>= statement; <\/span><\/span>\u56de\u8986<\/span><\/span><\/span>= reply<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Text III:<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u2022 \u9e7d\u9662<\/span><\/span><\/span>: salt circuit intendant office (Mao\u2019s superior official)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7e7c<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to be adopted, to succeed to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u53ae\u990a<\/span><\/span><\/span>: servant<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u552e<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to sell<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u540f\u5f79<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>yamen <\/i><\/span><\/span>servant<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u51fa\u5c45<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to move,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u9a0e\u58bb<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to be astride<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u826f\u8ce4<\/span><\/span><\/span>: honorable and mean (status)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6297\u79ae<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to consider oneself as equal<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6f38\u840c<\/span><\/span><\/span>: progressively become<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8dcb\u6248<\/span><\/span><\/span>: brutal and arrogant<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u98fd\u98ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>: once satisfied, to separate from<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a91<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to lie<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u61b2<\/span><\/span><\/span>: provincial judge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5750<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to give a verdict, to sentence<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6eaf\u6e90\u53ca\u6d41<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to search for the cause<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5206\u8abc<\/span><\/span><\/span>: status and propriety<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8df3\u8d8a<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to overstep<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a10\u8a1f<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5169\u9020<\/span><\/span><\/span>: the opponents<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u916c<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to pay as compensation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u9785\u9785<\/span><\/span><\/span>: dissatisfied<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e58<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to obey, to serve?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e58\u9593<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to seize the occasion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u963b<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to oppose<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5bd2\u76df<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to break one\u2019s word<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e2d\u5be2<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to be stopped prematurely<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5f98\u5f8a<\/span><\/span><\/span>: undecided<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8d91\u8d84<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to hesitate<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u9280\u7530<\/span><\/span><\/span>: goods<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a50\u8d13<\/span><\/span><\/span>: blackmail and fraud<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8fad\u8b49<\/span><\/span><\/span>: evidence, statement<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8207\u8b70<\/span><\/span><\/span>: those who took part in the negotiation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u50c9<\/span><\/span><\/span>= <\/span><\/span>\u5168<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4ea4\u5272<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to hand over<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u591a\u4e8b<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to interfere<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u8a95\u5984<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to boast<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u805a<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to be bound by<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5f37\u9805<\/span><\/span><\/span>: arrogant, inflexible<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u755c<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to keep, to possess, to raise<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u77e7<\/span><\/span><\/span>: moreover<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5375\u7ffc<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to raise, to protect, to nurture<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u89e3\u7dad<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to break the bond, to release<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7e36<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to tie up<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5954\u8e36<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to run<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u4e0d\u5fd8\u6c34\u6728\u4e4b\u610f<\/span><\/span><\/span>: remind where on comes from<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5201\u8a10<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to charge, to accuse (with ulterior motive)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u53cd\u5750<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to sentence to the penalty incurred by the crime one falsely denounced<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5f71\u97ff<\/span><\/span><\/span>: influence, effect<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u672b\u6e1b<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to mitigate<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u7ffb\u5f04<\/span><\/span><\/span>: to manipul<\/span>ate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tables<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Text I<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Text II<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Text III<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

1<\/a>\u0002<\/sup> Yang Yifan et al.<\/i> (ed.), Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 2005, 10 vol.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2<\/a>\u0002<\/sup> Questions on judicial terms (and later model verdicts aimed at allowing candidates to demonstrate their skills in applying the law to practical judicial cases) were introduced in early Ming metropolitan examination system at Hongwu\u2019s behest to promote \u201cpractical learning\u201d (<\/span>shixue<\/i><\/span>). See Tam Ka-chai \u201cFavourable Institutional Circumstances for the Publication of Judicial Works in Late Ming China\u201d, <\/span>Etudes Chinoises<\/i><\/span>, 2009.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

3<\/a>\u0002<\/sup> Zhou Shunchang was severely injured and mutilated in 1626 by the imperial agents that Wei had sent to arrest famous Donglin leaders in Suzhou. This resulted in a famous social outburst.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4<\/a>\u0002<\/sup> For more reference about the two legal casebooks presented in this session and their authors, see Will, Pierre-<\/span>\u00c9<\/span>tienne<\/span>, Official Handbooks and Anthologies of Imperial China: A Descriptive and Critical Bibliography <\/i><\/span>[in progress].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

5<\/a>\u0002<\/sup> A somewhat similar case can be found in <\/span>Yunjian yanl\u00fce<\/i><\/span>, p. 512.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The following three texts are pieces of judicial cases adjudicated by two late Ming provincial officials. They have been selected from the recently published collection of Chinese legal materials entitled Lidai panli pandu \u6b77\u4ee3\u5224\u4f8b\u5224\u7258.1 The first and third documents are from Mao Yilu\u2019s \u6bdb\u4e00\u9dfaYunjian yanl\u00fce \u96f2\u9593\u8b9e\u7565 (A Brief Account of Judgments in Songjiang). The second … Continuer la lecture de Legal cases (Chevaleyre)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98,"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15\/revisions\/98"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/localsources-china.efeo.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}